24/01/ · Human development is a very complex process and no single theory can be sufficient enough to explain these processes. This paper focuses on various theories that attempt to explain the development processes and factors that influence them. The study explores different theories of motor development, their pros and cons According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), human development is a process of analysing people’s choices. In principle, these choices can be infinite and change over time. But at all levels of development, the three essential ones are there for people (a) to lead a long and healthy life, (b) to acquire knowledge and (c) to have access to resources needed for This essay provides information about the human development! The notion of human development essentially addresses the human in development — all those elements which make a person human not only in terms of what she/he needs for basic survival such as food, clothing or shelter, health, etc., but a sense of dignity, what Adam Smith called the ability to
Essay on Theories of Human Development | Ivory Research
This article provides information about the human and growth approach to development:. In principle, these choices can be infinite and change over time. But at all levels of development, the three essential ones are there for people a to lead a long and healthy life, b to acquire knowledge and c to have access to resources needed for a decent standard of living. Image Courtesy : assignmentpoint. If these essential choices are not available many other opportunities remain inaccessible. Human development, however, does not end there. Additional choices, essay on human development, ranging from political, economic and social freedom to opportunities for being creative and productive and enjoying personal self-respect and guaranteed human rights are also inseparable parts o human rights.
UNDP depicts two sides of human development: a the formation of human capabilities — such as improved health, knowledge and access to resources; and b the people making use of these capabilities for productive purposes — being active in cultural, social and political affairs. If the scales of human development do not finely balance the two sides; considerable human frustration may result. But it is not the sum total of their lives, essay on human development. Development must, therefore, be more than just the expansion of income and wealth. Its focus must be people. The Human Development Approach to development is different essay on human development the conventional approaches development, i.
Economic growth, that is, the increase in production GDP is necessary but not sufficient for human development. The theories of human capital formation and human resources development consider the human essay on human development as a means and not as an end. They are concerned with the supply side, essay on human development. The human welfare approach visualises people only as passive recipients of benefits of development and not as its participants. Essay on human development basic needs approach aims to satisfy the basic minimum essay on human development, i. The human development approach puts equal emphasis on the production and distribution of resources, expansion and use of human capabilities, scope of choice, livelihood security, essay on human development, participatory process, and social, economic and political freedom.
All these indeed emphases a paradigm shift in the social development strategy of the State. The world has become more polarised and the wide gap between the poor and the rich has widened further, essay on human development. The gap in per capita income between the industrial and developing world trebled. There have been regional imbalances. The UNDP has voiced its concern against the jobless, ruthless, voiceless, rootless and fortuneless growth in the late s. It was jobless growth, since the economy grew but did not expand the opportunities for employment for large sections of the population. For the developing countries, jobless growth has meant long hours essay on human development very low incomes for hundreds of millions of people in low productivity work in agriculture and in other informal sectors.
This developmental process has been rendered ruthless by the fact that the fruits of economic growth have mostly benefited the rich; while millions of people stagnate in poverty. At places the dominant majority culture amplifies at the cost of marginalisation of the minority cultures. It has also been a voiceless growth as in many places it has not ensured the process of democratic participation of the people in decision-making processes. The voiceless growth process also provides women a marginal role in economic development. Again, essay on human development, fast economic growth is also achieved in some countries at the cost of destruction of forests, polluting rivers, destroying bio-diversity and depleting natural resources.
In this futureless growth, the present generation squanders resources needed by the future generation, essay on human development. At times the futureless growth benefits the industrialised countries at the cost of increased pressure on the poor people of the developing countries. It is important to examine how development is being viewed as freedom by Amartya Sen. According to him; development must be perceived as a vital process of expanding real freedom that people enjoy. As per him, expansion of real income and economic growth are not necessarily characteristics of successful development as countries with high GDP and per capita income at times have low achievements in the quality of life.
On the other hand, countries with low GDP and low per capita incomes have higher human development indicators. Here the central purpose of development is to improve human lives, i. To him, the objective of development is to remove obstacles such as illiteracy, ill-health, poverty, lack of access to resources or lack of civil and political freedom. He does not deny that economic prosperity should be the major goal of planning and policy making. This is, however, essay on human development, only an intermediate goal to contribute to the ultimate goal of development, i. To Sen, both the primary end and the principal means of development is expansion of freedom as freedom in one type helps advancing freedom of other types.
While access to economic opportunities is a major factor of economic growth, essay on human development, he also recognizes the contribution of instrumental freedom political freedom, economic facilities, social opportunities, transparency guarantees and protective security in enhancing economic growth and the contribution of economic growth to facilitate those freedoms that come into the way of full attainment of human potentials. Related Articles: Development: Short Essay on Development Essay on Human Development Human Development: Various Measurements and Meanings of Human Development Human Development: Evaluation of Human Development Approach. Drop files here or. Economic Notions of Evolution and Progress Short Essay. Capitalist Model of Development of Society based on the Interpretation of Karl Marx, essay on human development.
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Lessons from the longest study on human development - Helen Pearson
, time: 12:26Theories of Human Development - Words | Essay Example
According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), human development is a process of analysing people’s choices. In principle, these choices can be infinite and change over time. But at all levels of development, the three essential ones are there for people (a) to lead a long and healthy life, (b) to acquire knowledge and (c) to have access to resources needed for 05/02/ · Cognitive theories of development discuss human development based on the thinking of that person. Piaget suggested that based on the information people have they are able to synthesize it and form theories upon which they rely. Vygotsky in his theory suggested that the values that the culture of a person uphold, shape the development process Human growth and development is an inevitable lifelong process that occurs in every individual’s life. Careful assessment and monitoring of the growth and development status are very important in the pediatric population. Health care providers must be knowledgeable about the growth and development expectations based on specific ages
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